This study explores factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among Awajún and Wampis Indigenous people living with HIV/AIDS in the Peruvian Amazon. Only 28.8% of participants reported full adherence. Factors like occupation, income level, and side effects from ART significantly influenced adherence. The study emphasizes the value of intercultural dialogue and community participation in research and health interventions to improve access and outcomes.